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Multicultural teams have become very common in recent years. With cross border mobility becoming much easier the number of people moving from one country to another has grown significantly. This has also led to more people from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds intermarrying. Their children could be born and

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

grow up in different countries and have hybrid cultural identities. Globalization and the advances in communication and transportation technology have reduced trade barriers and increased interaction among people.

Is global homogeneity a feasible and desirable vision? Philosophically this would be very questionable.

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

This would be immediately equated with suppression of differences and diversity, which are inalienable human rights. It can be argued that it would destroy cultures and diminish creativity. There are enough instances in human history e.g., the fate of the Native Americans or the Conquistador actions in South America

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

where one culture has by force exterminated other cultures. Then there are scores of other examples where aspects of cultures have blended through interaction e.g., India and the United States. Today, though genocides happen under our very eyes e.g., in the Balkans or in some parts of Africa, the prevailing models o

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

f cultures influencing others is mutual interaction, where there is ample room for retaining one’s own cultural identity. As of the 2000 census, “minorities” have become the majority population in six of the eight largest metropolitan areas in the United States. Thus living with and managing diversity has be

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

ome the central theme of this century.

Many studies have in fact shown that diversity in human capital actually leads to increased creativity and efficiency in many cases. Studies have also shown that the failure to successfully integrate diverse workforces has negative implications for organizational performance. T

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

his is most publicly expressed in legal actions, such as recent discrimination suits against multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola, Wal-Mart, Xerox.

The skills needed for managing with people from diverse backgrounds at work or outside the workplace can be very different because in the workplace we are in our

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

work roles and there are many external constraints to our behaviour. Many people actually spend more time awake with their colleagues than with their spouse and children. So any problems arising in this area will definitely spill over onto the private life.

Looking carefully into the factors that affect multicultur

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

al team leadership or management, we can identify five factors that operate at team levels:

National culture
Corporate culture of the organisation
Nature of the industry or functional culture (coal mine, marketing, accounting)
Stage of team development
Personal attributes
and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ
>

National Culture – There are ample theories and much research into how national cultures affect team behaviour. Ger Hofstede’s Culture’s Consequences (1980) and Cultures and Organizations (1991) are two examples. National culture has many dimensions like orientation to time,

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

style of communication, personal space, competitiveness and worldview. Generally we are dealing also with stereotypes and cultural biases here. Regional and personal life experience or character traits can override these ascribed ‘national’ culture traits. In real life this means that an Italian team member can be a

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

shy, quite person or a German can be hopeless with timetables.

Corporate Culture – Corporate culture is very closely related to the functional culture and it is a result of a historical process where the founder and successive leaders have left their marks. A large multinational organisation is bou

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

d to have a more structured, hierarchic and bureaucratic approach to running its affairs while an Internet web design company with 5 young creative artists would be an entirely different environment.

Nature of the Industry – Coal miners, web designers and international bankers would seem to come fro

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

m different worlds. Dress, language, etiquette, unwritten codes of behaviour, accepted practice and skills needed on the job vary to a great extent in different industries. It is of vital importance that the industry, the organisation or the environment allows team members to display a sense of pride in one’s profess

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

onal identity.

Stage of Team Development – If the team is just recently formed with no history or experience, the rules of the game have to be learnt by everyone. If the team has a history of performing efficiently, new entrants can rely on established practice and older members to teach them the sk

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

ills required. The stage of development of the team member also plays a great role here. If the team is in the formation stage, the rules of the game are still being negotiated and people are learning their own roles. The ‘veteran’ team member has carved a secure role for himself while the entrant has to str

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

ggle.

Personal Attributes – Last but not least is all the other factors like personality, competence profile, the individual’s own life experience, expectations of rewards, acknowledgement and satisfaction from working in the team as well as previous history of team working.

The first three factors

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

are static factors, which means that their characteristics cannot be easily changed by individual action. Team members or even the whole team cannot change the national culture. Individuals, teams and organisations have to learn to adapt to them. In fact the efficiency of the team is directly corelated to how well t

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

is adaptation has been achieved. But intervention can greatly affect the last two factors of Stages of Team Development and Personal Attributes. A team can accelarate its progress from formation stage to the stage of maturity and an individual can change personal attributes by acquiring new competences. Superior sust

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

ainable team performance can be achieved only if team members learn to take into account dimensions of national culture like orientation to time, style of communication, personal space, competitiveness and worldview and have successfully adapted their working practice to reflect the team members’ background realities

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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